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11.
以有序介孔碳(OMC)球为离子-电子转换层,制备了固态氯离子选择性电极,构建了基于离子敏感的场效应晶体管(ISFET)的手持式传感系统,用于检测人体血清中的氯离子。优化了OMC前驱体的碳化温度,探究了OMC形貌结构对电极传感性能的影响;电极柔性化制备后考察了其在手持系统中对氯离子的检测效果。结果表明,最优条件下,电极在5.12×10^-4~1.02 mol/L的浓度范围呈现线性响应,响应斜率为60 mV/decade。该柔性电极在手持传感系统中展现出高灵敏度和重现性,可用于人体血清样品中氯离子的检测,其回收率为96.3%~104.9%。 相似文献
12.
Pascal Moucheront François BertrandGeorg Koval Laurent Tocquer Stéphane RodtsJean-Noël Roux Alain CorfdirFrançois Chevoir 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2010
The rheology of granular materials near an interface is investigated through proton magnetic resonance imaging. A new cylinder shear apparatus has been inserted in the magnetic resonance imaging device, which allows the control of the radial confining pressure exerted by the outer wall on the grains and the measurement of the torque on the inner shearing cylinder. A multi-layer velocimetry sequence has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of velocity profiles in different sample zones, while the measurement of the solid fraction profile is based on static imaging of the sample. This study describes the influence of the roughness of the shearing interface and of the transverse confining walls on the granular interface rheology. 相似文献
13.
A. Sarimeseli 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(5):694-697
Measurement of drop sizes play vital role in applications dealing with gas/liquid flow mixtures. In the present work, drop sizes in vertical and horizontal pipe flows were determined using Malvern 2600HSD system that applies laser diffraction method. From the analysis of the experimental data obtained at two different pipe orientations, two separate expressions were developed to determine Sauter mean diameter, d 32. Except for the 20 m/s superficial gas velocity in vertical flow case, a good agreement was found between the developed expressions and the experimental data. 相似文献
14.
Zhigang Suo 《Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica》2010,23(6):549-578
In response to a stimulus, a soft material deforms, and the deformation provides a function. We call such a material a soft active material (SAM). This review focuses on one class of soft active materials: dielectric elastomers. When a membrane of a dielectric elastomer is subject to a voltage through its thickness, the membrane reduces thickness and expands area, possibly straining over 100%. The dielectric elastomers are being developed as transducers for broad applications, including soft robots, adaptive optics, Braille displays, and electric generators. This paper reviews the theory of dielectric elastomers, developed within continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, and motivated by molecular pictures and empirical observations. The theory couples large deformation and electric potential, and describes nonlinear and nonequilibrium behavior, such as electromechanical instability and viscoelasticity. The theory enables the finite element method to simulate transducers of realistic configurations, predicts the efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion, and suggests alternative routes to achieve giant voltage-induced deformation. It is hoped that the theory will aid in the creation of materials and devices. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, a new two-fluid two-component computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate vertical upward two-phase annular flow. The two-phase VOF scheme is utilized to model the roll wave flow, and the gas core is described by a two-component phase consisting of liquid droplets and gas phase. The entrainment and deposition processes are taken into account by source terms of the governing equations. Unlike the previous models, the newly developed model includes the effect of liquid roll waves directly determined from the CFD code, which is able to provide more detailed and, the most important, more self-standing information for both the gas core flow and the film flow as well as their interactions. Predicted results are compared with experimental data, and a good agreement is achieved. 相似文献
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18.
Design of interdigital transducers for crack detection in plates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Interdigital transducers (IDT) for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of cracks in plates are designed based on an analytical model established previously. Key considerations include mode selectivity, excitation strength, collimation of wave and cost. The advantage of mode selectivity of IDT over PZT patch is presented both analytically and experimentally. Effects of parameters, namely finger spacing, width, length, number of fingers, and the size of IDT, on the excitation strength and mode selectivity are considered. This led to the design of a mobile double-sided IDT as an efficient device where excitation strength is strong and focused. The device was fabricated in-house using commercially available piezoelectric ceramics and used to develop a procedure for accurate identification of the direction and extent of cracks in plates. Three aluminum plates, one with a linear deep crack, another with a piecewise linear shallower crack and the third with a curved crack, were used to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of both the proposed device and procedure for effective NDE. 相似文献
19.
Feng X Lu JY Hao Y Banic C Schroeder WH 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2003,376(7):1137-1140
In this study, a diffusion-type device for generating gaseous mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was systematically evaluated and applied to validate the annular denuder method for sampling gaseous HgCl2 species in a synthetic gas stream. The results show that it takes at least 48 h for the system to reach a steady-state condition after the diffusion cell reaches the temperature set-point and the carrier gas is activated. The primary Hg species from the source was proven to be HgCl2. In the temperature range from –5.00 to 11.80 °C, the Hg emission rates from the source vary from 1.8 to 14.2 pg min–1. It is shown that, under the experimental conditions examined, KCl-coated annular quartz denuders designed for ambient reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) collection could quantitatively collect HgCl2. It is also demonstrated that the impactors used to remove coarse airborne particulate matter could lead to a loss of up to one third of the HgCl2 in the gas stream. 相似文献
20.
Michael E. Tobar Eugene N. Ivanov David G. Blair 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2000,32(9):1799-1821
It is shown that a large improvement in liquid helium and ultra-cryogenically cooled resonant-mass gravitational wave detectors can be achieved through improved parametric transducers using either low loss sapphire dielectric resonators or niobium re-entrant cavities. Performance is analysed in relation to the existing resonant bar antenna Niobe and to massive spherical detectors. Applied to Niobe, a millisecond burst sensitivity of order 10–20 can be achieved, corresponding to a spectral strain sensitivity of 2 × 10-22
Hz with a 50 Hz bandwidth. Applied to an ultra-cryogenic 117 tonne spherical detector made from CuAl, a spectral strain sensitivity of better than 2 ×10-23/
Hz with a bandwidth of order 100 Hz can be achieved, which is close to the quantum limit. This sensitivity is comparable to that of advanced interferometer detectors at this frequency. 相似文献